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Sunlight can make the linked pairs of light that quantum devices need, with no laser involved
Optica
A team from the University of Ottawa and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light focused sunlight onto a crystal and got pairs of light particles linked in the way quantum encryption and sensing depend on. The pairs were nearly as good as the ones lasers produce.
الخلفية
Producing linked pairs of light this way has relied on lasers since the 1980s. The work was published in the journal Optica on August 6, 2026 by a group spanning Ottawa and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Germany. A separate team at Xiamen University in China reported sunlight-driven photon pairs for imaging in April 2026. Sunlight is far messier than laser light, and the group found that did not stop the pairs from forming.
المقارنة
- Laser-driven setups The standard lab method since the 1980s, and it needs its own power supply and cooling on board.
- Micius satellite (China) Sent linked light pairs between ground stations 1,200 km apart in 2017 using a laser it carried.
- Xiamen University team Used sunlight for a related imaging result in April 2026 without showing the pairs were truly linked.
Canada is putting $20.3 million into a quantum research hub for its military
The Quantum Insider
The Canadian government picked a 13-organisation group led by the University of Calgary to build the country's first quantum defence hub, with $20.3 million over two years. The group has to hand working prototypes to the Canadian Armed Forces within those two years.
الخلفية
Canada started a National Quantum Strategy in January 2023 with $360 million behind it. The University of Calgary runs Quantum City together with the University of Alberta and the University of Lethbridge. The defence department ran an open call for this hub from February to April 2026 and named the winner on August 6. The quantum hub joins two earlier ones covering maritime technology and uncrewed systems.
المقارنة
- US defence spending on quantum DARPA paid PsiQuantum $125 million in July 2026 to prove out a single quantum computer design.
- Canada's National Quantum Strategy Set aside $360 million in 2023 for research, training and commercial work across the country.
- Alberta provincial government Put $67.5 million over three years into the Calgary quantum and AI effort that will run this hub.
An Amazon researcher says quantum computers could break the math behind new encryption standards
The Quantum Insider
Daniel Simon of Amazon posted a method for solving the math problem those standards rely on for their security. Other cryptographers have not checked the work yet, and no one has worked out how big a quantum computer would need to be to run it.
الخلفية
Simon wrote the 1994 paper that first showed a quantum computer could solve a specific task far faster than any ordinary computer. Peter Shor credited it as the direct inspiration for his own 1994 method for breaking the encryption used across the internet. Simon now works in the cryptography group at Amazon Web Services. The problem he attacks here has resisted a fast solution since Oded Regev tied it to lattice-based encryption in 2002.
المقارنة
- Shor's algorithm, 1994 The result that forced governments to start replacing their encryption. Nobody has built a quantum computer big enough to run it.
- Yilei Chen's 2024 claim Another claimed quantum attack on the same family of encryption. Other researchers found a fatal error in it within a week.
- Kuperberg's algorithm, 2003 The best previous quantum method for this problem. It was far too slow to threaten anything in practice.
- US post-quantum standards Picked by the US government in 2024 to replace encryption a quantum computer could break. They rest on the math this paper targets.
D-Wave built a quantum chip where each qubit reports most of its own errors
D-Wave
In a Nature paper, D-Wave showed a two-qubit operation for a design that catches about 90% of its errors as a calculation runs. Knowing where an error happened means far fewer spare qubits are needed to correct it.
الخلفية
D-Wave was founded in 1999 in Burnaby, Canada, and sold the first commercial quantum computer in 2011 to Lockheed Martin. Its business has always run on annealing machines, a narrower design aimed at optimization rather than general-purpose computing, and its 4,400-qubit Advantage2 shipped in 2025. Its 2025 claim of beating supercomputers at a magnetism simulation was challenged by researchers who matched it on four graphics cards. This result comes from a separate general-purpose line the company added to its roadmap.
المقارنة
- Quantum Circuits The Yale spinout sells an 8-qubit machine built on the same self-reporting error idea.
- Amazon Ocelot Amazon's 2025 chip takes a different route to the same goal and claims up to 90% less error-correction work.
- Standard superconducting chips Most rivals detect errors only by reading extra qubits added around the ones doing the work.
IonQ made $80 million in three months, almost four times what it made a year ago
IonQ
IonQ reported $80.1 million in revenue for the quarter and raised its forecast for the year to as much as $290 million. It ended the quarter with $3 billion in cash.
الخلفية
IonQ was founded in 2015 out of research at Duke and the University of Maryland, and in 2021 it became the first quantum computing company to list on a US stock exchange. It has spent the last year buying companies rather than partnering with them. It paid about $1.08 billion for the British startup Oxford Ionics in 2025, bought the satellite company Capella Space the same year, and closed a $1.8 billion purchase of the chip factory SkyWater in July 2026.
المقارنة
- IonQ a year earlier Made about $20.7 million in the same quarter of 2025.
- Rigetti Reported $4.4 million in its most recent quarter, a record for the company.
- D-Wave Reported $2.9 million in its most recent quarter, alongside $33.4 million in signed orders.
NTT is funding a Japanese startup that wants to build a million-qubit quantum computer out of light by 2030
Quantum Computing Report
NTT is taking a stake in OptQC, a two-year-old University of Tokyo spinout, and the two say they will have a working machine by 2030. A 10,000-qubit prototype is due in 2028.
الخلفية
OptQC was spun out of the University of Tokyo's Furusawa Laboratory in 2024 and has raised about $14 million across a seed round and a Series A1. Its first machine, MoQuren, runs at Japan's AIST research center. NTT and OptQC signed a research collaboration in November 2025, and this agreement turns it into an equity investment. NTT did not disclose the amount.
المقارنة
- PsiQuantum Chasing the same million-qubit goal using light. It has raised more than $2.3 billion.
- Xanadu Another company building quantum computers out of light, with more than $287 million raised.
- IBM Promises a large error-corrected quantum computer by 2029, a year ahead of the OptQC target.
Caltech and the startup Oratomic cut the qubits needed to fix quantum errors by about 100 times
Quantum Computing Report
Quantum computers need spare qubits to catch their own mistakes. The standard method uses more than 100,000 qubits to protect 195 reliable ones, and the new design does the same job with 975.
الخلفية
Oratomic came out of stealth on March 31, 2026 and raised a $300 million Series A in July, co-led by ARCH Venture Partners, Spark Capital and Khosla Ventures. It was founded by researchers from Caltech, Harvard and Google, including the Caltech professors Manuel Endres and John Preskill. The company builds its machines from single atoms held in place by laser beams, and says a genuinely useful machine needs only 10,000 to 20,000 of them by 2030. The new result is a preprint posted to arXiv on August 3, 2026.
المقارنة
- Surface codes The standard approach needs more than 100,000 qubits to protect the same 195, about 100 times more hardware.
- IBM gross code IBM's efficient 2024 design uses 288 qubits to protect 12, or 24 qubits for every protected one.
- Google Willow Google's Willow chip spends 105 qubits to protect a single one.
IBM says its quantum computers beat the best supercomputers on three problems, with checkable answers
Quantum Computing Report
IBM published three results with the University of Chicago, Qedma and Algorithmiq. Its machines ran physics problems that leading supercomputers could not match, and each result came with a way to check the answer that past claims lacked.
الخلفية
IBM made a similar claim in 2023 with a 127-qubit machine running a magnetism problem. Other researchers reproduced that result on ordinary computers within weeks, some of them on a single laptop core. IBM has said since then that it wants a checkable advantage by the end of 2026. The machines used here run in IBM's own cloud, and the circuits were posted publicly so others can try to match them.
المقارنة
- Google, 2019 Claimed 200 seconds of quantum time against 10,000 years of supercomputer time, a gap critics later cut to a few days.
- Google Willow, 2024 Claimed under five minutes on a task it estimated would take a supercomputer 10 septillion years, on a problem with no practical use.
- IBM, 2023 Made an earlier advantage claim on 127 qubits that other researchers matched on ordinary computers within weeks.
A California lab shrank a quantum computer's control room onto a chip inside the freezer
Quantum Computing Report
HRL Laboratories replaced the racks of room-temperature electronics that normally drive a quantum computer with one control chip sitting next to the qubits inside the cooling system. The machine then found and corrected its own errors without help from outside.
الخلفية
HRL Laboratories is in Malibu, California, and is jointly owned by Boeing and General Motors. It started as Hughes Research Laboratories, where the first working laser was built in 1960. Its quantum group has spent years on a silicon qubit design that is operated with voltage pulses alone, paid for largely by US defense research money. IBM announced on July 23, 2026 that it plans to buy the lab.
المقارنة
- Intel Intel's Horse Ridge chip moved control into the cold back in 2019, at a warmer layer of the fridge and without running error correction on its own.
- Diraq Diraq built silicon qubits in an ordinary chip factory in July 2026, with the control electronics still at room temperature.
- Google Google's Willow chip corrected its own errors in 2024 using a different kind of qubit and racks of electronics outside the fridge.
IonQ gets the last approval it needs to buy a US chip factory for $1.8 billion
The Quantum Insider
IonQ cleared the final regulatory hurdle for its $1.8 billion purchase of SkyWater Technology and expects to close the deal on July 31. Owning the factory lets IonQ make its own quantum chips in the United States instead of relying on outside suppliers.
الخلفية
IonQ was founded in 2015 and went public in 2021. It has bought several quantum companies in recent years, including the British startup Oxford Ionics for $1.08 billion in 2025. The SkyWater deal was agreed in January 2026 at $35.00 per share in cash and stock. SkyWater will keep serving its other customers as a subsidiary under its own name.
المقارنة
- IBM Agreed in July 2026 to buy HRL Laboratories to add a second type of quantum chip.
- PsiQuantum Won a $125 million US defense contract in July 2026 to prove its design works.
- Oxford Ionics IonQ's own earlier purchase, at $1.08 billion in 2025.
A Swiss startup raises $25.5 million to lay out quantum chips as a grid instead of a single line
The Quantum Insider
ZuriQ, a spinout from ETH Zurich, built a chip that holds nine charged atoms in a 3 by 3 grid. Rival machines line their atoms up in one row, so a grid lets the count grow with the area of the chip rather than its length.
الخلفية
ZuriQ was spun out of ETH Zurich by Pavel Hrmo, Tobias Saegesser and Shreyans Jain. It raised $4.2 million in a pre-seed round in 2025, bringing the total raised to $29.7 million. The nine-atom demonstrator took about 18 months to build, and the chips are made by Infineon. Quantonation led the new round.
المقارنة
- Quobly Raised 115 million euros in June 2026 to build quantum chips in ordinary chip factories.
- Oxford Ionics IonQ bought the British charged-atom startup for $1.08 billion in 2025.
- Alice & Bob Raised about 100 million euros in early 2025 for a different way of keeping qubits stable.
Pittsburgh's supercomputing center is getting its own small quantum computer for researchers and students
The Quantum Insider
The National Science Foundation is putting $5 million into a machine that wires a small Rigetti quantum computer directly into conventional supercomputers at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. Building starts in September and researchers and classrooms get access in 2027.
الخلفية
The Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center is run jointly by Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh and has operated federally funded supercomputers since 1986. Rigetti sells the nine-qubit Novera to labs that want a machine on site instead of renting time in the cloud. Rigetti has been working with HPE on connecting quantum processors to ordinary supercomputers.
المقارنة
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Installed a 20-qubit IQM machine next to its Frontier supercomputer in June 2026.
- QuTech Put a 17-qubit quantum computer online in July 2026 for anyone to use free.
- HPE Signed deals with eight quantum companies in June 2026 to plug their machines into its supercomputers.
Spanish startup Multiverse Computing raises $570 million for software that shrinks AI models
The Quantum Insider
Multiverse Computing raised $570 million at a $1.7 billion valuation, five times what investors valued it at a year ago. Its software squeezes large AI models down to a fraction of their size so they can run on ordinary devices like drones and cars.
الخلفية
Multiverse Computing was founded in 2019 in San Sebastian, Spain. It started out selling quantum algorithms to banks and manufacturers, then built a product called CompactifAI that compresses large language models. In June 2025 it raised $215 million led by Bullhound Capital. Its customers include Bosch, Iberdrola, PwC and the Bank of Canada.
المقارنة
- PsiQuantum Raised $1 billion in September 2025 at a $7 billion valuation, the largest round in the field.
- Quantinuum Raised $600 million in September 2025 at a $10 billion valuation.
- Quobly Raised 115 million euros in June 2026, about a fifth of the Multiverse round.
PsiQuantum wins a $125 million US defense contract to prove its quantum computer design works
The Quantum Insider
PsiQuantum signed a 125 million dollar agreement with DARPA, the US defense research agency, to have its quantum computer design independently tested and verified. The money supports work at the company's California and Chicago sites.
الخلفية
PsiQuantum, founded in 2016, is building a large quantum computer using light instead of the superconducting chips or trapped atoms most rivals rely on. It has raised more than 1 billion dollars from investors. The company is building government-backed factories in Chicago and in Brisbane, Australia, where the Australian government committed close to 1 billion dollars.
المقارنة
- Xanadu Canadian company also building a quantum computer from light, aiming for a large machine by 2029.
- US Commerce Department Signed letters of intent in 2026 to put up to 2 billion dollars into nine quantum companies.
- US Energy Department Launched a program in 2026 aiming for a genuinely useful quantum computer by 2028.
IBM is buying a research lab to add a second kind of quantum chip to its lineup
IBM Newsroom
IBM agreed to buy HRL Laboratories, a research lab owned by Boeing and General Motors, to gain a team that builds quantum chips out of silicon. IBM has until now built only one type of quantum chip. The purchase adds a second approach. Terms were not disclosed.
الخلفية
IBM runs one of the largest quantum programs in the industry and has built its machines from superconducting chips cooled to near absolute zero. Its current lineup includes the 120-qubit Nighthawk released this year, and it has promised a large error-corrected machine called Starling by 2029. HRL, owned by Boeing and General Motors, published an 18-qubit silicon quantum chip in April 2026.
المقارنة
- Intel Has made small silicon quantum chips on the same production lines it uses for ordinary computer chips.
- Diraq Australian startup that built a working silicon quantum chip in a commercial chip factory in 2026.
- Quobly French startup that raised 115 million euros in 2026 to build quantum chips out of silicon.
A German startup is selling quantum computers that run at room temperature and plug into a wall socket
The Quantum Insider
SAXON Q, a spinout of the University of Leipzig, opened orders for two diamond-based machines that need no cryogenic cooling and slide into a standard server rack. The smaller one ships within three months. The larger one arrives in 2027.
الخلفية
SAXON Q spun out of the University of Leipzig in 2021. It builds qubits from atom-sized flaws in diamond crystals that keep working at room temperature, so the machines skip the heavy cooling most quantum computers need. The company says these are the first diamond machines of this kind to pass 10 qubits, and points to more than 220 patents behind the manufacturing. Early units are going to the German Aerospace Center and a Fraunhofer institute.
المقارنة
- Quantum Brilliance Founded 2019, this rival also builds room-temperature diamond machines, so far in the tens of qubits and priced under $500,000.
- Superconducting machines (IBM, Google) The mainstream approach runs near absolute zero inside room-sized refrigerators, not at a desk off a wall outlet.
A Chicago-led quantum coalition raises $55 million to grow US quantum manufacturing
The Quantum Insider
The Bloch, a Chicago-led group backed by universities and companies across Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana, raised about $55 million, including a $30 million federal grant. The money will help build the network of regional factories and suppliers that quantum computers are made from.
الخلفية
The Bloch is led by the Chicago Quantum Exchange, a research partnership founded in 2017. The federal government named it one of the country's official quantum Tech Hubs in 2023. It works alongside the Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park on Chicago's South Side, where PsiQuantum, IBM, and others are setting up.
المقارنة
- Illinois state Committed $500 million over five years to build its quantum park on Chicago's South Side.
- New Mexico Backing a $450 million state program to attract quantum companies.
- United Kingdom Pledged up to 2 billion pounds to put quantum computers into real use.
Quantinuum shows a long-theorized exotic route to quantum computing actually works
Nature
Working with Harvard, Chicago, and Stony Brook, Quantinuum used 54 qubits to build a complete set of quantum operations from exotic states of matter, a first on real hardware. The approach could cut the overhead of error-resistant computing.
الخلفية
Quantinuum formed in 2021 from the merger of Honeywell Quantum Solutions and Cambridge Quantum. In 2023 its H2 processor created and braided non-Abelian anyons for the first time, but that earlier work did not produce a universal gate set. Quantinuum's current flagship, the 98-qubit Helios system, was independently validated by Sandia in June 2026 at 99.921 percent two-qubit gate fidelity.
المقارنة
- Microsoft Microsoft chases the same exotic physics in hardware, an approach still contested after a 2026 challenge to its earlier claims.
- IBM, Google, and QuEra Roadmaps from IBM, Google, and QuEra still need a costly extra process to complete their set of operations.
A Chinese startup built a quantum computer that fits in a normal server rack
Pandaily
The atom-based machine needs no giant refrigerator and no vibration-proof room, so it can slide into an ordinary data center. The company published no performance numbers, so the claim to judge is the size, not the power.
الخلفية
Zhongqi Wuliang is a recent spinoff of the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, a Chinese Academy of Sciences lab with six decades of optics work behind it. This is the company's first public system, shown months after its founding. It says it aims for practical computational scale within five years and fault-tolerant machines after that.
المقارنة
- QuEra, Pasqal, and Atom Computing Neutral-atom rivals QuEra, Pasqal, and Atom Computing also run without extreme refrigeration, but their systems still live in dedicated lab rooms.
- Equal1 Bell-1 Equal1's Bell-1 is a 200 kg silicon-spin server that holds 6 qubits and runs at 0.3 kelvin from a wall socket.
- QuEra Aquila QuEra's cloud-facing Aquila machine runs 256 neutral-atom qubits in a conventional lab installation.
pQCee raises $3.9 million to expand quantum-safe security beyond Asia
The Quantum Insider
The Singapore company sells encryption tools built to stay secure even against future quantum computers. The seed money pays for hiring at home and expansion into the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.
الخلفية
pQCee raised a $2.8 million institutional round in 2022, co-led by Wavemaker Ventures and SEEDS, bringing its known total to about $6.7 million. Its founder and CEO Teik Guan Tan previously built another SGInnovate-backed cybersecurity startup. The company lists Thales, Microsoft, and PQShield among its partners.
المقارنة
- Arq Spain's Arq raised a $1.4 million pre-seed for quantum internet technology.
- PQShield UK-based PQShield raised a $37 million Series B in 2024 to sell post-quantum cryptography chips and software.
Europe's space agency plugs a quantum computer into its satellite-data center
ESA
The machine, built by Irish startup Equal1, now sits at ESA's Earth-observation center in Italy, where it will be paired with conventional supercomputers to test new ways of crunching satellite data. No contract value was disclosed.
الخلفية
Equal1 spun out of University College Dublin in 2018 and unveiled Bell-1 in March 2025. The machine holds 6 qubits, weighs about 200 kg, plugs into a normal socket, and reaches 0.3 kelvin with a closed-cycle cryocooler instead of a dilution refrigerator. The company raised $60 million in January 2026, bringing its total to over $85 million.
المقارنة
- IBM at RIKEN IBM installed a Quantum System Two at Japan's RIKEN in 2025.
- IQM at LRZ IQM has a system at Germany's Leibniz Supercomputing Centre.
- Pasqal Pasqal has delivered a neutral-atom machine to France's GENCI and CEA.
EeroQ shows a way to wire up a million qubits with fewer than fifty control lines
Quantum Computing Report
EeroQ moved packets of electrons across its chip a billion times, covering tens of kilometers in total, without losing a single detectable one. It is a demonstration of moving qubits around, not of computing with them.
الخلفية
EeroQ was founded in 2017 to build quantum computers from electrons floating on superfluid helium, a platform first proposed in the late 1990s. Its technology was developed in partnership with Michigan State University, and the company raised a $7.25 million seed round led by B Capital's Ascent Fund in August 2022. Its chips are fabricated with standard CMOS processes.
المقارنة
- IBM Condor IBM's 1,121-qubit Condor faces severe wiring constraints because most platforms need multiple control lines per qubit.
- Intel Horse Ridge Intel built its Horse Ridge cryogenic controller in 2019 to attack the same interconnect bottleneck for spin qubits.
Diraq made a working quantum chip in the same kind of factory that makes laptop chips
The Quantum Insider
Eight qubits built entirely on a standard industrial chip line worked with high accuracy. Growing the device from two qubits to eight cost nothing in quality.
الخلفية
Diraq was founded in 2022 as a UNSW Sydney spinout led by Andrew Dzurak, whose group demonstrated the first two-qubit logic gate in silicon in 2015. In September 2025 Diraq and imec reported in Nature that spin qubits from imec's 300mm platform exceeded 99% fidelity for one- and two-qubit gates. The company has raised over $190 million, advanced to Stage B of DARPA's Quantum Benchmarking Initiative in November 2025, and signed a $38 million CHIPS Act letter of intent in May 2026.
المقارنة
- Intel Tunnel Falls Intel made a 12-qubit silicon chip with standard factory tooling in 2023 and shared it with labs as a research device.
- IBM and Google Superconducting machines from IBM and Google run over 100 qubits but come from custom fabrication lines, not ordinary chip factories.
QuTech puts a real quantum computer online for anyone to use free
QuTech
The 17-qubit machine is free to use from anywhere in the world with no usage caps, and it was built on an all-European supply chain. QuTech has not published accuracy figures for the chip.
الخلفية
QuTech, founded in 2014 as a partnership between TU Delft and TNO, launched Quantum Inspire in April 2020 as Europe's first public quantum cloud with the 5-qubit Starmon-5 and 2-qubit Spin-2 processors. A 2.0 relaunch in February 2025 added Starmon-7 and Spin-2+, and the 5-qubit open-architecture Tuna-5 followed in May 2025. Tuna-17 is the platform's largest processor to date.
المقارنة
- IBM IBM opened free cloud access to a 5-qubit machine in 2016 and now exposes 100-qubit-class systems, with free-tier runtime capped at 10 minutes per month.
A leading physicist publicly challenges Microsoft's boldest quantum claims
Scientific American
Henry Legg of the University of St Andrews argued in Nature that Microsoft has not shown its exotic qubit design actually working, and that its reported signals could be noise or ordinary effects. Microsoft says it stands by its results and roadmap.
الخلفية
Microsoft has pursued topological qubits since founding its Station Q lab in 2005. A 2018 Nature paper claiming Majorana evidence was retracted in 2021 after reanalysis of the raw data. In February 2025 the company announced its Majorana 1 chip alongside a Nature paper, and Legg had previously criticized the topological gap protocol, the automated test Microsoft uses to validate its devices.
المقارنة
- IBM, Google, and Quantinuum IBM, Google, and Quantinuum use superconducting or trapped-ion qubits that already run error-corrected demonstrations.
- Quantinuum Quantinuum publishes concrete accuracy benchmarks for its machines that outside labs can check.
- 2021 Majorana retraction Earlier Microsoft-backed Majorana results were retracted in 2021, showing formal challenges have changed outcomes before.
QuEra and Los Alamos find a design that makes useful quantum simulation far cheaper
QuEra
The design needs a few thousand qubits for physics-simulation jobs that standard schemes would need hundreds of thousands for, and runs about 250 times faster. The catch is scope: it covers structured simulation problems, not general-purpose computing.
الخلفية
QuEra was founded in 2018 out of neutral-atom research at Harvard and MIT. It put Aquila, a 256-qubit analog machine, on Amazon Braket in November 2022. In December 2023 the Harvard-led team behind QuEra demonstrated 48 logical qubits on 280 physical qubits, and in February 2025 the company raised $230 million from investors including Google and SoftBank.
المقارنة
- Standard error correction Standard schemes need on the order of 1,000 raw qubits for each reliable one, with most of that budget spent on error correction.
- IBM Starling IBM's planned Starling machine targets 200 reliable qubits by 2029 with its own overhead-cutting error correction.
The US Energy Department sets a hard 2028 deadline for a genuinely useful quantum computer
The Quantum Insider
The program, called Quantum Genesis, asks for a machine with 150 to 250 reliable qubits making about one error per hundred million operations. The best demonstrations earlier this year were barely at break-even, so the target is far beyond today's machines.
الخلفية
The DOE has funded quantum research since the National Quantum Initiative Act of 2018, authorizing $1.2 billion across federal agencies. In 2020 it established five National Quantum Information Science Research Centers with $625 million over five years. Quantum Genesis adds a milestone-driven hardware competition and a planned National Quantum Supercomputing User Facility.
المقارنة
- DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative DARPA's program asks whether a utility-scale quantum computer is feasible by 2033 and advanced 11 of 18 companies to Stage B in November 2025.
- IBM IBM targets Starling, a machine running 100 million operations on 200 reliable qubits, by 2029.
HPE and eight partners will plug quantum machines into its supercomputers
HPE Newsroom
The partners cover four different styles of qubit hardware, plus control electronics and error-correction software. The deliverables are shared test setups, software that works across vendors, and benchmarks, not new machines.
الخلفية
HPE acquired Cray for $1.3 billion in 2019 and built the first exascale supercomputer, Frontier, at Oak Ridge in 2022, followed by El Capitan at Lawrence Livermore in 2024. Its supercomputers already sit in the national labs and HPC centers where early quantum systems are being installed, and this initiative formalizes the integration layer across vendors.
المقارنة
- NVIDIA NVIDIA announced NVQLink in late 2025 to couple its GPUs to quantum processors across a multi-vendor partner list.
- IQM at Germany's LRZ IQM systems installed at Germany's LRZ are an example of an existing individual quantum-HPC pairing.
Duke and IonQ link three separate quantum machines into one shared state for the first time
Quantum Computing Report
Three atoms sitting in separate machines, connected only by light through optical fiber, were merged into one shared quantum state. Measurements confirmed the link was genuinely quantum, ruling out any ordinary explanation.
الخلفية
Remote entanglement of two trapped ions via photons was first shown in Chris Monroe's group in 2007, and Duke's Quantum Center has led ion-photon networking since. IonQ, co-founded by Monroe in 2015, is developing photonic interconnects to network its commercial systems. Prior demonstrations stopped at two nodes.
المقارنة
- Oxford 2020 experiment A 2020 Oxford experiment linked machines far faster, but only ever two at a time.
A US national lab checked Quantinuum's accuracy claims, and they held up
Quantum Computing Report
Sandia National Laboratories ran its own tests on the 98-qubit Helios machine and published the results in Nature, confirming Quantinuum's numbers. Sandia also found that imitating the machine's hardest runs would tie up the world's fastest supercomputers for years.
الخلفية
Quantinuum formed in 2021 from the merger of Honeywell Quantum Solutions and Cambridge Quantum. Its 56-qubit H2 system set trapped-ion fidelity records before Helios launched in November 2025 with 98 barium-137 qubits on a QCCD architecture with all-to-all connectivity. The company raised about $600 million in 2025 at a $10 billion valuation, and its Sandia research agreement was renewed in May 2026.
المقارنة
- IBM Heron and Google Willow Leading chips from IBM and Google typically make about four times more errors per operation than the verified Quantinuum figures.
- Google Sycamore 2019 Google's 2019 Sycamore random circuit sampling result made the earlier beyond-classical claim, without outside-lab verification.
IBM uses AI to discover 465 new ways to protect quantum computers from errors
IBM Research
IBM pointed an AI-guided search at the design space of error-correcting codes. One of the finds packs 50 protected qubits into a design where the previous best of that size held 16, but the candidates still need verification and testing on real hardware.
الخلفية
IBM designated bivariate bicycle codes as the basis of its fault-tolerant roadmap after its 2024 Nature paper on the [[144,12,12]] gross code, encoding 12 logical qubits in 144 physical ones. Its roadmap targets the 200-logical-qubit Starling system in 2029. Until now such codes were derived by hand, one paper at a time.
المقارنة
- DeepMind AlphaEvolve DeepMind's 2025 AlphaEvolve used LLM-guided evolution for algorithm discovery.
- OpenEvolve OpenEvolve is an open-source implementation of the AlphaEvolve idea.
- IBM gross code IBM's existing best code packs 12 reliable qubits into 144 raw ones, less than half the density of the new candidate.
IonQ crosses the line where its error-corrected qubit lasts longer than its raw parts
Quantum Computing Report
IonQ tested nine error-correction schemes on a chain of 40 trapped ions. Its best protected qubit held its memory for about 4 seconds, edging past the unprotected baseline, the first time this family of codes has crossed that break-even line.
الخلفية
IonQ was founded in 2015 by Chris Monroe and Jungsang Kim out of Maryland and Duke research, and went public on the NYSE in 2021. Its commercial Forte systems used ytterbium ions. The company has been moving to barium qubits, the species used here. In 2025 it agreed to acquire Oxford Ionics for about $1.08 billion to add chip-based ion traps.
المقارنة
- Google Willow Google's Willow chip crossed the same errors-get-rarer threshold with its own correction scheme in December 2024.
- Superconducting rivals IonQ reports four to nine times fewer errors than comparable demonstrations on superconducting machines.
QuEra promises a heavy-duty error-corrected quantum computer on Amazon's cloud by 2028
The Quantum Insider
Libra is planned to deliver more than 256 error-corrected qubits, enough for roughly a million reliable operations, through Amazon's cloud in 2028. For now the specs are a roadmap, not a delivered machine.
الخلفية
QuEra was founded in 2018 as a Harvard and MIT spinout. Its 256-physical-qubit analog machine Aquila has run on Amazon Braket since 2022, and a Harvard-led team used QuEra hardware to operate 48 logical qubits in a 2023 Nature paper. The company raised $230 million in early 2025 from investors including Google and SoftBank Vision Fund 2, and its Gemini system adds logical-qubit capability.
المقارنة
- IBM IBM's roadmap targets 200 reliable qubits with Starling in 2029.
- Microsoft and Atom Computing Microsoft and Atom Computing are building the 50-logical-qubit Magne system for around 2027.
- D-Wave D-Wave targets 100 reliable qubits by 2032.
Three suppliers agree to standardize the parts that atom-based quantum computers are built from
The Quantum Insider
Japan's Yaqumo, Danish laser maker NKT Photonics, and Hamamatsu will jointly develop the lasers and optics that atom-based quantum computers depend on, plus a global supply chain for them. No money or technical details were announced.
الخلفية
Yaqumo is a Tokyo-based spinoff from cold-atom groups at Kyoto University and the Institute for Molecular Science, building a ytterbium neutral-atom architecture. It won a NEDO grant in July 2025 and took a seed extension from Quantonation in April 2026, the VC's first Japanese investment. Hamamatsu Photonics, founded in 1953, is one of the world's largest photonics manufacturers. NKT Photonics supplies fiber lasers used across quantum labs.
المقارنة
- QuEra, Pasqal, Atom Computing, Infleqtion Cold-atom machine builders depend on lasers, detectors, and optical modules that are today largely custom-built per lab.
QuiX's light-based quantum computer can now adjust itself mid-calculation
The Quantum Insider
A new control unit reads a light detector and rewires the optical chip with a photon still in flight. This style of machine cannot work without that fast reflex.
الخلفية
QuiX Quantum was founded in 2019 as a University of Twente spinoff in the Netherlands. In 2022 it sold 8-qubit and 64-qubit photonic processors to the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the first commercial sales of their kind. It raised a 15 million euro Series A in July 2025 to deliver a first-generation universal single-photon machine in 2026, with an error-corrected successor planned for 2027.
المقارنة
- PsiQuantum PsiQuantum has raised over $1 billion to build light-based quantum machines.
- Xanadu Xanadu demonstrated its 216-mode Borealis sampler in 2022 and the modular Aurora system in 2025.
French startup Quobly raises 115 million euros to make quantum chips in ordinary chip factories
The Quantum Insider
Backers include chipmaker STMicroelectronics and France's state investment bank. The money funds Quobly's first machine, made with the same industrial processes as ordinary chips, with cloud access planned for late 2026. No qubit counts have been published yet.
الخلفية
Quobly spun out of CEA-Leti and CNRS in 2022 and raised a 19 million euro seed round that year, one of France's largest deeptech seeds. In 2024 it signed a co-development agreement with STMicroelectronics to fabricate its qubits on the manufacturer's 300mm FD-SOI line. It plans on-premises deliveries to supercomputing centers in 2027.
المقارنة
- Alice & Bob French peer Alice & Bob raised 100 million euros in its early-2025 Series B.
- Intel Intel pursues the same silicon qubit approach in ordinary chip factories with its Tunnel Falls chip.
- Diraq and Quantum Motion Australia's Diraq and the UK's Quantum Motion also build qubits designed for ordinary chip factories.
Atom Computing shows its error correction improving as the system gets bigger
The Quantum Insider
Atom Computing ran a full error-correction scheme on its atom-based machine. Adding more qubits made errors rarer, not more common, the sign the correction is genuinely working.
الخلفية
Atom Computing was founded in 2018 in Berkeley. It announced a 1,180-qubit neutral-atom array in October 2023, the first company to pass 1,000 physical qubits. In November 2024 it worked with Microsoft to entangle 24 logical qubits on that hardware, and the two companies are building Magne, a 50-logical-qubit system.
المقارنة
- Google Google's Willow chip showed the same errors-get-rarer-with-scale behavior in December 2024.
- Harvard-led team on QuEra hardware A Harvard-led team using QuEra hardware ran programs on 48 reliable qubits in late 2023.
Microsoft reports new evidence that its exotic qubit approach is working
The Quantum Insider
Microsoft's second-generation Majorana chip now holds its quantum state for about 22 seconds, more than 1,000 times longer than earlier versions. The gain came partly from swapping aluminum for lead inside the chip.
الخلفية
Microsoft has pursued topological qubits for two decades. A 2018 Nature paper claiming Majorana zero modes was retracted in 2021. The Majorana 1 chip announced in February 2025 claimed the first topological qubits, but the claim was disputed by outside physicists and the underlying measurements remain contested.
المقارنة
- Earlier Microsoft Majorana devices Microsoft's own earlier Majorana devices held their quantum state for 1 to 12 milliseconds, versus 22 seconds now.
- IBM and Google Mainstream qubits from IBM and Google hold their state for far less time but have already demonstrated full error correction.
D-Wave sets a public deadline of 2032 for a quantum computer with 100 reliable qubits
The Quantum Insider
The plan starts with a small test chip this year and scales up in stages to 100 reliable qubits in 2032. D-Wave's new qubit design catches most of its own errors as it computes.
الخلفية
D-Wave was founded in 1999 and has sold quantum annealers for over a decade, a different architecture from gate-model machines. Its Advantage2 annealer with more than 4,400 qubits became generally available in May 2025. In March 2025 the company published a Science paper claiming a quantum computational advantage on magnetic materials simulation. This is its first gate-model roadmap.
المقارنة
- IBM IBM targets 200 reliable qubits with its Starling system in 2029.
- QuEra QuEra targets 256 reliable qubits in 2028.
- Quantum Circuits Inc Quantum Circuits Inc also builds qubits designed to flag their own most common error instead of hiding it.
Software now sets up a quantum computer in 15 minutes instead of days of expert work
Quantum Computing Report
Software from Qruise and Quantum Machines ran the full setup of a 21-qubit machine at the Israeli Quantum Computing Center, working through more than 25 tuning and testing steps that experts normally do by hand.
الخلفية
Quantum Machines, founded in 2018 in Tel Aviv, makes the OPX line of quantum control systems and raised a $170M Series C in 2025. Qruise, a German spin-off from Forschungszentrum Juelich founded in 2021, builds machine-learning digital twins for quantum hardware. The IQCC, co-located at Tel Aviv University, opened in 2024 as Israel's national quantum testbed.
المقارنة
- Quantum Machines Novera demo Quantum Machines earlier demonstrated AI-powered calibration of Rigetti's 9-qubit Novera using NVIDIA's DGX Quantum platform.
- Q-CTRL Q-CTRL sells autonomous calibration with QuantWare and TreQ.
TreQ opens a UK lab where quantum machines are built from mix-and-match parts
Quantum Computing Report
The lab in Oxfordshire can switch among eight different combinations of processors, controls, and software purely through software, with no rewiring. The bet is that flexible, vendor-neutral setups will matter more than any single company's hardware.
الخلفية
TreQ leads a consortium that won a 1.65 million pound Innovate UK award in April 2025 to build the testbed, with partners including Rigetti, Oxford Ionics, Q-CTRL, and Qruise. The company positions itself as a builder and operator of open-architecture quantum systems rather than a qubit maker.
المقارنة
- IQCC (Israel) Israel's IQCC pairs one 21-qubit QuantWare QPU with Quantum Machines control in a single-vendor setup.
- UK National Quantum Computing Centre The UK's National Quantum Computing Centre hosts separate per-vendor testbeds.
A French startup and a Singapore lab team up to hunt for new drugs with quantum computers
The Quantum Insider
The two-year project will run chemistry calculations on quantum machines, including a first-of-its-kind sampling experiment on Quantinuum's hardware. The goal is to make quantum tools a working part of drug discovery, not just a demo.
الخلفية
Qubit Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2020 at the Paris Sante Cochin incubator by a team including Jean-Philip Piquemal, with Robert Marino as CEO. It raised a 16M euro seed round in June 2022 led by Quantonation, XAnge, and Omnes Capital, bringing total funding past 23M euros, and has prior partnerships with Nvidia, GENCI, AWS, and Pasqal. CQT was established at the National University of Singapore in 2007.
المقارنة
- Google Google partnered with Boehringer Ingelheim on quantum molecular dynamics in 2021.
- Algorithmiq Algorithmiq works with IBM hardware on similar quantum chemistry problems.
UK commits up to 2 billion pounds to deploy quantum computers at scale
Innovation in the News
The package covers skills, research, and purchasing, with the machines earmarked for defense, healthcare, and national security. The centerpiece is a buying program for commercial-scale computers targeted for the early 2030s, and the UK says it is the first country to make this kind of commitment.
الخلفية
The UK has funded quantum steadily since launching its National Quantum Technologies Programme in 2014, then committed 2.5 billion pounds over ten years in its 2023 National Quantum Strategy. Its National Quantum Computing Centre hosts vendor testbeds, including a 100-qubit system delivered by Infleqtion.
المقارنة
- US National Quantum Initiative The US National Quantum Initiative authorized about $1.2 billion in 2018.
- India National Quantum Mission India's National Quantum Mission allocated roughly $730 million in 2023.
ParityQC runs the largest version yet of a core quantum algorithm on IBM hardware
The Quantum Insider
The algorithm ran on 52 qubits, roughly double the previous best from 2024. The team's compiler removes a whole category of shuffling steps that quantum programs normally need, sharply cutting the number of operations involved.
الخلفية
ParityQC was founded in 2020 as a spin-off of the University of Innsbruck by Wolfgang Lechner and Magdalena Hauser. Its architecture builds on the LHZ parity encoding Lechner co-published in 2015, and the company licenses chip-level blueprints and compilation to hardware partners rather than building its own machines.
المقارنة
- 2024 QFT record The previous largest reported quantum Fourier transform implementations reached 27 qubits in 2024.
- Google's code-breaking estimate Google's March 2026 estimate puts a code-breaking machine at about 1,200 reliable qubits, far beyond any current hardware.
DARPA wants to wire different kinds of quantum computers into one system
DARPA
The bet behind the program, called HARQ, is that combining the three main qubit technologies will beat any single one at scale. Nineteen teams from industry and academia will work on it over two years, including IonQ and compiler startup memQ.
الخلفية
DARPA has run a series of quantum programs: ONISQ from 2020 on noisy intermediate-scale optimization, US2QC from 2023 with Microsoft and PsiQuantum on utility-scale designs, and the Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, evaluating roughly 18 companies on claims of utility-scale quantum computing by 2033.
المقارنة
- IBM IBM plans its fault-tolerant Starling system by 2029 built entirely on superconducting qubits.
- Q-CTRL Q-CTRL's April 2026 Q-NEXUS preprint found heterogeneous logic-plus-memory architectures cut physical qubit requirements 138x on fault-tolerant benchmarks.
IonQ stock jumps 21% after being picked for a DARPA quantum program
FX Leaders
The program aims to wire different types of quantum hardware into one networked system, and IonQ's role is supplying memory components made from lab-grown diamond. Compiler startup memQ was also selected.
الخلفية
IonQ was founded in 2015 by Chris Monroe and Jungsang Kim and went public in 2021 as the first pure-play public quantum computing company. It has expanded through acquisitions including Qubitekk, ID Quantique, Lightsynq, and a $1.075B deal for Oxford Ionics in 2025, and recently demonstrated a remote photonic interconnect between quantum systems.
المقارنة
- DARPA HARQ HARQ funds 19 teams across industry and academia over 24 months, with Infleqtion, memQ, and Q-CTRL in its MOSAIC software stream.
- DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative DARPA's Quantum Benchmarking Initiative evaluated roughly 18 companies in 2025 on paths to utility-scale machines by 2033.
Horizon Quantum confirms its purchase of a 256-qubit IonQ machine
Horizon Quantum
The deal gives the Nasdaq-listed software company a second kind of quantum hardware to test against, alongside the superconducting machines it already uses. The new system will be wired into Horizon's own software platform.
الخلفية
Horizon Quantum was founded in 2018 in Singapore by Joe Fitzsimons to build compiler tools that generate quantum programs from classical code, and now trades on Nasdaq as HQ. IonQ, founded in 2015 by Chris Monroe and Jungsang Kim, went public in 2021 as the first pure-play public quantum company and has shipped the Aria, Forte, and Tempo trapped-ion generations.
المقارنة
- Quantinuum Helios Quantinuum's trapped-ion Helios launched in November 2025 with 98 qubits.
- IBM Heron IBM's superconducting Heron fields 156 qubits with nearest-neighbor rather than all-to-all connectivity.
The quantum computer needed to break encryption keeps getting smaller, faster than expected
The Conversation
An explainer in The Conversation walks through why the estimates keep falling, anchored on a Google finding that one common encryption scheme may need under 1,200 reliable qubits to break. No machine today comes close, but the piece argues the trend is no longer abstract.
الخلفية
Resource estimates for breaking public-key cryptography have dropped steadily: 20 million qubits for RSA-2048 in 2019, under 1 million in Gidney's May 2025 update, and under 500,000 physical qubits for ECDLP-256 in the March 2026 work. Each revision came from algorithm and architecture improvements, not hardware leaps.
المقارنة
- NIST NIST finalized its first post-quantum cryptography standards in August 2024 and has signaled deprecation of vulnerable classical algorithms by 2030 and removal by 2035.
Google says breaking a common encryption scheme would take under 1,200 reliable qubits
Google Research Blog
The scheme in question protects Bitcoin, Ethereum, and most secure web connections. Google's new figure is roughly ten times lower than earlier estimates. No machine today has anywhere near that many reliable qubits.
الخلفية
Google Quantum AI has repeatedly compressed cryptanalysis estimates: the 2019 Gidney-Ekera paper put RSA-2048 at 20 million noisy qubits over 8 hours, and Gidney's May 2025 update cut that to under 1 million qubits in under a week. Its Willow chip demonstrated below-threshold error correction with 105 physical qubits in December 2024.
المقارنة
- Previous best estimate The previous best estimate needed about 2,100 reliable qubits, roughly double Google's new figure.
- Litinski 2023 estimate Litinski's 2023 estimate put the same attack at about 9 million raw qubits on a light-based design.
Monarch Quantum raises $55 million, passing $115 million in total backing
PR Newswire
The company, just six months old, makes compact light modules that replace bulky tabletop optics used in quantum computing and sensing. It already holds customer contracts with Quantinuum, Infleqtion, and NASA, and the new money funds a production scale-up.
الخلفية
Monarch Quantum was founded in 2025 by photonics veteran Timothy Day. The founding team previously built Daylight Solutions, a quantum cascade laser maker acquired by Leonardo DRS in 2017. Monarch booked over $60M in customer contracts within its first year.
المقارنة
- Q-CTRL Q-CTRL took seven years from its 2017 founding to reach a $113 million cumulative Series B.
- Pasqal Pasqal took four years to reach its 100 million euro Series B.
India opens its first homegrown quantum testing lab that anyone can use
Deccan Herald
The facility in Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh spans two testbeds, with more than 80 percent of the components built in India. It is part of the country's National Quantum Mission.
الخلفية
India approved its National Quantum Mission in 2023 with about 6,003 crore rupees (roughly $730M) over eight years. Andhra Pradesh followed with a state Quantum Computing Policy for 2025-30 and the Amaravati Quantum Valley plan, under which IBM, TCS, and L&T announced in 2025 a project to deploy an IBM Quantum System Two in Amaravati.
المقارنة
- UK National Quantum Computing Centre The UK's National Quantum Computing Centre hosts testbeds from multiple vendors, including a 100-qubit Infleqtion system.
- IQCC (Tel Aviv University) Israel's IQCC at Tel Aviv University runs a 21-qubit QuantWare processor.
Pasqal will use a quantum computer to study how plant-based proteins gel
Quantum Computing Report
How proteins set into a gel matters for making plant-based foods work, and Pasqal and Saudi firm True Nexus want to model it with a mix of quantum hardware and AI. It is an early test of whether quantum simulation can replace trial and error in food science.
الخلفية
Pasqal was founded in 2019 in France as a spin-off of Institut d'Optique, with 2022 Nobel laureate Alain Aspect among its co-founders, and operates 100-qubit neutral-atom processors. It raised a 100M euro Series B in January 2023 led by Temasek, a 100M euro Series C in June 2024, and over 340M euros in March 2026 at about a $2B valuation.
المقارنة
- Qubit Pharmaceuticals Qubit Pharmaceuticals announced a typical two-year drug discovery deal with Singapore's Centre for Quantum Technologies in April 2026.
- QuEra QuEra raised $230 million in February 2025 to scale its neutral-atom hardware.
A new design could shrink the quantum computer needed for useful work by 138 times
arXiv
The trick is that most qubits in a big calculation sit idle almost all of the time, so the design parks them in cheaper storage until needed. On paper, that brings breaking a standard encryption key down to about 190,000 qubits and under 10 days.
الخلفية
The paper comes from Q-CTRL, a Sydney company founded in 2017 by Michael Biercuk that builds quantum control and error-suppression software. Q-CTRL raised a $15M Series A in 2019 and grew its Series B to $113M by October 2024. It also supplies autonomous calibration tooling to hardware partners including QuantWare and TreQ.
المقارنة
- Google (Craig Gidney) Craig Gidney's May 2025 estimate put RSA-2048 factoring at under 1 million qubits, down from the 2019 Gidney-Ekera figure of 20 million.
- DARPA HARQ DARPA's HARQ program, launched April 14, 2026, also bets that mixing qubit modalities in one system beats any single approach at scale.
Q-CTRL's new design needs 138 times fewer qubits for the same reliable computation
Quantum Computing Report
The design, called Q-NEXUS, splits a quantum computer into separate sections for active calculation and for storage, since most qubits spend nearly all their time waiting. The company estimates that breaking a standard encryption key would then take about 190,000 qubits and under 10 days.
الخلفية
Q-CTRL was founded in 2017 in Sydney by University of Sydney professor Michael Biercuk and sells quantum control and error-suppression software. It raised a $15M Series A in 2019 led by Square Peg Capital and expanded its Series B to $113M in October 2024 led by GP Bullhound, the largest aggregate Series B for a quantum software company at the time.
المقارنة
- Google (Craig Gidney) Craig Gidney estimated in May 2025 that RSA-2048 factoring needs under 1 million physical qubits in under a week on a homogeneous superconducting architecture.
- Gidney-Ekera 2019 estimate The 2019 Gidney-Ekera baseline for RSA-2048 was 20 million noisy qubits running for 8 hours.
Los Alamos finds that quantum AI models that train well can be run on ordinary computers instead
Los Alamos Reporter
The models were designed to dodge a common failure that stops quantum AI systems from learning. The same design turns out to make them easy to imitate on regular computers, undercutting research that assumed they kept a quantum edge.
الخلفية
Barren plateaus, where gradients vanish exponentially as qubit counts grow, were identified in variational quantum circuits in 2018. The Los Alamos team led by Marco Cerezo first posted the simulability argument on arXiv in December 2023 and has now published it as a perspective in Nature Communications.
المقارنة
- 2024 quantum CNN result A 2024 result showed quantum convolutional neural networks are effectively classically simulable.
Riverlane builds the fastest quantum error-fixing chip yet, 4 times quicker than Google's
Quantum Computing Report
The chip does the constant error cleanup that keeps a quantum calculation from falling apart. Riverlane's published benchmarks show it beating the speed Google reported for its Willow system and keeping up with machines of up to 250 qubits.
الخلفية
Riverlane was founded in 2016 as a University of Cambridge spinout by Steve Brierley and focuses entirely on quantum error correction. It raised a $75 million Series C in August 2024 led by Planet First Partners and has built a QEC team of roughly 100 people, with a stated goal of a million error-free quantum operations.
المقارنة
- Google Willow Google's Willow chip set the previous benchmark in December 2024, fixing errors about four times slower than Riverlane's new unit.
IQM opens its first US quantum center in Maryland
The Quantum Insider
The Finnish hardware company is setting up at the University of Maryland, in partnership with the state's Capital of Quantum initiative. The spot puts its machines and engineers next to federal agencies, university labs, and startups in one of the busiest quantum hubs in the country.
الخلفية
IQM was founded in 2018 in Espoo, Finland, as a spinout of Aalto University and VTT. It raised a $320 million Series B in September 2025 led by Ten Eleven Ventures, bringing total funding to about $600 million, and has stated plans for data-center deployments in the US, France, Germany, Japan, and Singapore.
المقارنة
- Capital of Quantum Capital of Quantum is a 5-year, $1 billion public-private partnership among the State of Maryland, the University of Maryland, and private partners.
- IonQ IonQ has its headquarters in the College Park area, near NIST, NASA Goddard, and Army Research Laboratory facilities.
Horizon Quantum is buying one of IonQ's newest 256-qubit machines
Quantum Zeitgeist
Horizon is a Singapore software company, and the purchase makes it one of the few software firms running its own commercial machine at this scale. It plans to use the system to test software built to work on any vendor's hardware.
الخلفية
Horizon Quantum was founded in Singapore in 2018 by Joe Fitzsimons and listed on Nasdaq in March 2026 through a SPAC merger with dMY Squared, backed by a $110 million PIPE that included IonQ. In December 2025 it became the first quantum software company to operate its own quantum computer, a superconducting testbed at its Singapore headquarters built on a Rigetti processor.
المقارنة
- IonQ Forte IonQ's previous Forte generation ran 36 qubits.
- Amazon Braket Most quantum software companies rent hardware through clouds such as Amazon Braket rather than owning systems.
- Rigetti Horizon's existing superconducting testbed is built on Rigetti hardware.
John Martinis warns Bitcoin owners have 5 to 10 years before quantum computers become a threat
Yahoo Tech
The risk window is the brief moment when a transaction's key is publicly visible before it is confirmed, when a capable machine could work out the private key in minutes. Martinis, a Nobel laureate, says that leaves time to move Bitcoin to quantum-resistant protections.
الخلفية
Martinis shared the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Clarke and Michel Devoret for experiments on macroscopic quantum tunneling in circuits. He led Google's quantum hardware team through the 2019 quantum supremacy experiment on the 53-qubit Sycamore processor and is now co-founder and CTO of superconducting hardware startup Qolab.
المقارنة
- Caltech and Oratomic paper A Caltech and Oratomic paper published the same week put the encryption-breaking threshold as low as 10,000 qubits.
- Google Google estimates that breaking RSA-2048 would need under 1 million noisy qubits.
- NIST NIST published post-quantum cryptography standards in August 2024.
Google now says the internet should be quantum-safe by 2029 as code-breaking estimates keep falling
CyberScoop
A new academic paper concludes that breaking today's standard encryption may take about 10,000 qubits, not the millions older estimates assumed. Google moved up its own internal deadline after its research showed a similar sharp drop in what an attack would need.
الخلفية
Qubit requirement estimates have fallen repeatedly. Google's Craig Gidney put factoring RSA-2048 at 20 million qubits in 2019, then cut the figure to under 1 million in May 2025. NIST finalized its first post-quantum cryptography standards in August 2024 to start the migration clock for federal systems.
المقارنة
- IBM Condor IBM's Condor, at 1,121 physical qubits, is among the largest announced machines, on the order of 1,000 qubits.
Norwegian researchers find a way to health-check quantum computers 100 times faster
ScienceDaily / NTNU
The check measures how long qubits hold their fragile state. It now takes a hundredth of a second instead of a full second, fast enough to spot problems during a live run.
الخلفية
NTNU, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, is Norway's largest technical university. Standard coherence characterization has relied on repeated relaxation and dephasing measurement sequences that take on the order of 1 second per estimate, too slow to track drift during computation.
المقارنة
- Google Willow Google's Willow chip fixes its errors in far less time than even this faster check takes.
Researchers publish the full quantum recipe for breaking internet encryption, but no machine can run it yet
Quantum Computing Report
A software tool from IQM and Fraunhofer FOKUS wrote out every step of the code-breaking calculation for the first time, giving an exact count of the qubits an attack would need.
الخلفية
Qrisp is an open-source Python framework for high-level quantum programming, developed at Fraunhofer FOKUS in Berlin with German federal funding and hosted by the Eclipse Foundation since 2023. IQM, founded in Finland in 2018, raised a $320 million Series B in September 2025, bringing its total funding to about $600 million.
المقارنة
- Google (Craig Gidney) Craig Gidney estimated in May 2025 that factoring RSA-2048 needs under 1 million noisy qubits for under a week, a 20x cut from his 2019 figure of 20 million qubits.
Quantum Art shows a simpler way to control many qubits at once instead of one at a time
Quantum Zeitgeist
Instead of aiming separate control signals at each individual ion, the method sends a few shared pulses through the whole group at once. Any multi-qubit operation can be built this way, with no per-ion targeting hardware needed.
الخلفية
Quantum Art spun out of Roee Ozeri's group at the Weizmann Institute and is led by CEO Tal David and CTO Amit Ben Kish. It raised a $100 million Series A in December 2025 and extended it to $140 million, bringing total funding to about $200 million. Its architecture centers on multi-qubit gates and optical segmentation of ion chains into cores.
المقارنة
- Quantinuum Quantinuum's Helios trapped-ion system runs 98 individually addressed qubits.
- IonQ IonQ sells a 256-qubit sixth-generation chip-based system that relies on individually addressed ions.
Rigetti's newest 108-qubit computer is now available to rent through Amazon's cloud
Quantum Zeitgeist
The machine, called Cepheus-1, is built from twelve small chips tiled together rather than one large one, and it triples the qubit count of Rigetti's previous generation. It runs on Rigetti's own cloud as well as Amazon Braket.
الخلفية
Rigetti was founded in 2013 by Chad Rigetti. Its 84-qubit Ankaa-3 system reached 99.5% median two-qubit gate fidelity in December 2024. The 36-qubit Cepheus-1-36Q, built from four 9-qubit chiplets, followed in 2025 as the company's first multi-chip system at that fidelity level.
المقارنة
- IBM Heron IBM's Heron processors carry 156 qubits on a single chip.
- Google Willow Google's Willow carries 105 qubits on a single chip.
- Quantinuum Helios Quantinuum's rival Helios machine makes several times fewer errors per operation.
Conductor Quantum lets AI coding assistants run real quantum computers from your editor
Conductor Quantum
The new tool, called CODA MCP, connects assistants like Claude to more than 1,000 qubits of hardware from IBM, IonQ, Rigetti, and Quantinuum. No account setup is needed to start running jobs.
الخلفية
Conductor Quantum was founded in 2024 by Brandon Severin and Joel Pendleton, who met during PhDs at Oxford. The Y Combinator-backed startup has raised about $4 million and builds AI software that automates tuning of silicon spin qubits. It partnered with Finnish silicon-qubit maker SemiQon in November 2025.
المقارنة
- IBM Quantum IBM put a quantum processor online for cloud access in 2016, and IBM Quantum requires its own account and credentials.
- Amazon Braket Amazon Braket requires its own account and credentials to run quantum hardware jobs.
- Azure Quantum Azure Quantum requires its own account and credentials to run quantum hardware jobs.
Fujitsu and Osaka cut the size of quantum computer needed for a chemistry problem by 80 times
Fujitsu press release
The new framework takes a molecular energy calculation from thousands of years down to about 35 days on the kind of hardware expected in the near term.
الخلفية
Fujitsu and Osaka University introduced the STAR early-FTQC architecture in 2023. Fujitsu and RIKEN deployed a 64-qubit superconducting machine in October 2023 and a 256-qubit system in April 2025. Fujitsu is developing a 10,000-plus qubit machine supporting 250 logical qubits, targeted for 2030.
المقارنة
- Google (Craig Gidney) Craig Gidney cut the estimated qubit count to factor RSA-2048 from 20 million in 2019 to under 1 million in May 2025, a 20x reduction.
Quantinuum turns 98 raw qubits into 48 reliable ones, a ratio thought to be years away
Quantinuum blog
Quantum computers fight errors by bundling many raw qubits into one dependable one. A year ago, the common estimate was that each dependable qubit would need hundreds or thousands of raw ones. Quantinuum did it with about two.
الخلفية
Quantinuum was formed in 2021 by merging Honeywell Quantum Solutions and Cambridge Quantum. It launched Helios in November 2025 with 98 barium-ion qubits and about 99.92% two-qubit gate fidelity, succeeding the 56-qubit H2. Honeywell raised $600 million for the company in September 2025 at a $10 billion pre-money valuation.
المقارنة
- Google Willow Google's Willow chip needed about 100 raw qubits to make a single reliable one in December 2024.
- Standard error correction Standard error-correction schemes typically need hundreds to thousands of raw qubits for each reliable one.
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